Mmebi ala

  Mmebi ala bụ usoro nke uru nke gburugburu ebe obibi biophysical na-emetụta site na njikọta nke usoro mmadụ na arụ ọrụ n'ala.^[1] A na ele ya anya dị ka mgbanwe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nsogbu ọ bụla na ala a na ele anya dị ka ihe na emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe na adịghị mma.^[2] A na ewepu ihe ize ndụ okike dị ka ihe kpatara ya; Otú ọ dị, ọrụ mmadụ nwere ike imetụta ihe ndị dị ka idei mmiri na ọkụ ọhịa.

Atụmatụ ndị ọkachamara na atụ aro na mmebi ala ga abụ isiokwu dị mkpa nke narị afọ nke 21, na emetụta mmepụta ọrụ ugbo, ọnwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche, mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi, na mmetụta ya na nchekwa nri. A na eme atụmatụ na ihe ruru 4% nke ala ugbo n'ụwa emebiwo nke ukwuu.^[3]

Dị ka Akụkọ Pụrụ Iche na Mgbanwe Ihu igwe na Ala nke Ndị otu gọọmentị etiti na mgbanwe ihu igwe si kwuo: "Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ala na enweghị ice nke ụwa na emetụta mmebi nke mmadụ kpatara (mmadụ obi ike). A na eme atụmatụ na mbuze ala site na ubi ugbo dị ugbu a ugboro 11 ruo 20 (enweghị ọrụ ugbo) ruo ihe karịrị ugboro 100 (ọrụ ugbo nkịtị) karịa ọnụego mmepụta ala (nlezianya dị n'etiti). ".^[4]

Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka pasent iri atọ nke ala emebi n'ụwa niile, ihe dị ka ijeri mmadụ atọ na abụọ bi n'ebe ndị a na emebi emebi.^[5] Ihe dị ka nde hekta iri na abụọ nke ala na amị mkpụrụ nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ hara ka ogo nke Gris na emebi kwa afọ. Nke a na eme n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na erigbu ala ahụ n'enweghị nchebe ya.^[6][7] Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Ebumnuche mmepe na adịgide adịgide nke United Nations 15 nwere ebumnuche iji weghachite ala na ala mebiri emebi ma nweta ụwa na anọpụ iche na mmebi ala site na 2030.^[8]

1. ↑ Conacher (1995). Rural Land Degradation in Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press Australia. ISBN 0-19-553436-0. 
2. ↑ Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Garfield Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.
3. ↑ Ian Sample (31 August 2007). Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land. The Guardian. Retrieved on 23 July 2008.
4. ↑ (2019) Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved on 30 January 2020. 
5. ↑ Le (2014). "Biomass Productivity-Based Mapping of Global Land Degradation Hotspots" (in en). SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2465799. ISSN 1556-5068. 
6. ↑ Artificial intelligence makes restaurants and farms more sustainable (en). European Investment Bank. Retrieved on 29 July 2021.
7. ↑ 24 billion tons of fertile land lost every year, warns UN chief on World Day to Combat Desertification (en). UN News (16 June 2019). Retrieved on 29 July 2021.
8. ↑ Goal 15 targets (en). UNDP. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved on 24 September 2020.